5 Common Mistakes in Writing Lesson Plans


Автор: Чеснокова Александра Викторовна Категория: Have Ur Word Дата: Авг. 18, 2013

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Successful teachers are invariably good planners and thinkers. In my career as a teacher and teacher educator, I have read and evaluated thousands of lesson plans written by education students at all levels. On a consistent basis, I see mistakes that distort or weaken what the plans are supposed to communicate. You can improve your lesson-planning skills by first thinking carefully about what the lesson is supposed to accomplish. There is no substitute for this. In teaching students how to develop lesson plans, the following are mistakes I have observed that students make most often:

  1. The objective of the lesson does not specify what the student will actually do that can be observed.
  2. The lesson assessment is disconnected from the behavior indicated in the objective.
  3. The materials specified in the lesson are extraneous to the actual described learning activities.
  4. The instruction in which the teacher will engage is not efficient for the level of intended student learning.
  1. Preliminary Information - The development of a lesson plan begins somewhere, and a good place to start is with a list or description of general information about the plan. This information sets the boundaries or limits of the plan. Here is a good list of these information items: (a) the grade level of the students for whom the plan is intended; (b) the specific subject matter (mathematics, reading, language arts, science, social studies, etc.); (c) if appropriate, the name of the unit of which the lesson is a part; and (d) the name of the teacher.
  2. The parts each part of a lesson plan should fulfill some purpose in communicating the specific content, the objective, the learning prerequisites, what will happen, the sequence of student and teacher activities, the materials required, and the actual assessment procedures. Taken together, these parts constitute an end (the objective), the means (what will happen and the student and teacher activities), and an input (information about students and necessary resources). At the conclusion of a lesson, the assessment tells the teacher how well students actually attained the objective.
    In a diagram, the process looks something like this:
    Input ======>process=====>output
  1. Information about the students for whom the lesson is intended. This information includes, but is not limited to the age and grade level of the students, and what they already know about what you want them to learn.
  2. Information about the amount of time you estimate it will take to implement the lesson.
  3. Descriptions of the materials that will be required by the lesson, and at some point, the actual possession of the materials.
  4. Information about how you will acquire the physical materials required.
  5. Information about how to obtain any special permissions and schedules required. For example if your lesson plan will require a field trip, you must know how to organize it. If your lesson will require a guest speaker (fire chief, lawyer, police officer, etc.) you must know how to make arrangements for having that person be at the right place at the right time
  1. What are the inputs? This means you have the information (content description, student characteristics, list of materials, prerequisites, time estimates, etc.) necessary to begin the plan.
  2. What is the output? This means a description of what the students are supposed to learn.
  3. What do I do? This means a description of the instructional activities you will use.
  4. What do the students do? This means a description of what the students will do during the lesson.
  5. How will the learning be measured? This means a description of the assessment procedure at the end of the lesson.
    As an example, here is a template that has been used successfully to teach students to write lesson plans:
  1. Content: Indicate what you intend to teach, and identify which forms of knowledge (concept, academic rule, skill, law and law-like principles and/or value knowledge) will be included in the lesson.
  2. Prerequisites: Indicate what the student must already know or be able to do in order to be successful with this lesson. (You would want to list one or two specific behaviors necessary to begin this lesson).
  3. Instructional Objective: Indicate what is to be learned - must be a complete objective.
  4. Instructional Procedures: Description of what you will do in teaching the lesson, and, as appropriate, includes a description of how you will introduce the lesson to the students, what actual instructional techniques you will use, and how you will bring closure to the lesson. Include what specific things students will actually do during the lesson.
  5. Materials and Equipment: List all materials and equipment to be used by both the teacher and learner and how they will be used..
  6. . Assessment/Evaluation: Describe how you will determine the extent to which students have attained the instructional objective. Be sure this part is directly connected to the behavior called for in the instructional objective.
  7. . Follow-up Activities: Indicate how other activities/materials will be used to reinforce and extend this lesson. Include homework, assignments, and projects.
  8. Self-Assessment (to be completed after the lesson is presented): Address the major components of the lesson plan, focusing on both the strengths, and areas of needed improvement. A good idea is to analyze the difference between what you wanted (the objective) and what was attained (the results of the assessment).
    Of course, there is an immense difference between being able to plan and actually being able to carry out the plan. However, if you have thought carefully about where you are going before you begin writing your plan, the chances of your success, as well as the success of your students, are much greater.